Whistleblower Protections PDF Print E-mail

Federal and State Laws Protect Whistleblowers

When Congressional investigators were pouring over documents flowing from the wreckage of Enron, they came across a memo written by a little known executive named Sherron Watkins. The memo, written to Enron Board Chairman Ken Lay, outlined concerns that she had with the company's accounting. After testimony before Congress and write-ups in some of the nation's largest magazines, Watkins became one of the nation's most famous whistleblowers.

Subsequent to the Enron debacle, Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Law which provides protections for whistleblowers like Watkins. The provisions of Sarbanes-Oxley add to a web of other federal statutes protecting whistleblowers. While some of these federal statutes are listed below, it important to note that employees may be protected by one or more statutes and therefore it is important to consult an attorney to determine one's specific rights.

Whistleblower or Retaliation
Statute
Legal CitationStatute of
Limitations
Intake Agency or Judicial
Forum
Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)29 U.S.C. § 623(d)180-300 daysEEOC/state employment discrimination agency; private cause of action in federal court
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)42 U.S.C. § 12203(a)
29 C.F.R. Part 1640
180-300 daysEEOC/state employment discrimination agency; private cause of action in federal court
Civil Rights Act of 1964 ("Title VII")42 U.S.C. § 2003(a)180-300 daysEEOC/state employment discrimination agency; private cause of action in federal court
Clayton Act (antitrust)15 U.S.C. § 15(a)4 yrs-see 15
USC § 15(b)
Federal District Court, generally no standing recognized for employees
Clean Air Act42 U.S.C. § 7622
29 C.F.R. Part 24
30 daysDOL/OSHA
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act ("Super Fund")42 U.S.C. § 9610
29 C.F.R. Part 24
 
30 daysDOL/OSHA
Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA)29 U.S.C. § 1132(a), 11403 yearsFederal District Court

Energy Reorganization Act

42 U.S.C. § 5851
29 C.F.R. Part 24
180 daysDOL/OSHA
Equal Pay Act 29 U.S.C. § 206(d)2 yrs; 3 yrs
if willful violation
DOL or Federal District Court
Fair Labor Standards Act (wage & hour, child labor, minimum wage, overtime)29 U.S.C. § 215(a)(3)
29 C.F.R. Part 783
2 yrs; 3 yrs if
willful violation
 
DOL, Federal District Court, or state court
False Claims Act
 
31 U.S.C. § 3730(h)See most applicable state law for statute of limitationsFederal District Court
Family and Medical Leave Act [“FMLA"]29 U.S.C. § 26152 yrs; 3 yrs if
willful violation
DOL, Federal District Court, or state court
National Labor Relations Act   29 U.S.C. § 158(a)(4)6 monthsNLRB
Occupational Safety and Health Act29 U.S.C. § 660(c)
29 C.F.R. Part 1977
("Part 11(c)")
30 daysDOL/OSHA-no private cause of action
Safe Drinking Water Act   42 U.S.C. § 300j-930 daysDOL/OSHA
Sarbanes Oxley Act   18 U.S.C. § 1514A180 daysDOL/OSHA
Solid Waste Disposal Act
 
42 U.S.C. § 6971
29 C.F.R. Part 24
30 daysDOL/OSHA
Toxic Substances
Control Act
15 U.S.C. § 2622
29 C.F.R. Part 24
30 days DOL/OSHA
 
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